YAML和JSON配置文件读写(配置管理)

🖥️ 运行效果

🚀 实例简介

一个功能完整的 Python 配置管理桌面工具，支持 YAML 和 JSON 两种主流配置格式的读取、写入、深度合并、路径访问和 Schema 验证。通过直观的 Tkinter GUI 界面，用户可以轻松管理应用程序的配置文件。

💻 核心代码

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Python配置管理：YAML和JSON配置文件读写
功能：支持YAML和JSON格式的配置文件读取、写入、合并、验证
作者：好例子网 (haolizi.com)
"""

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, filedialog, scrolledtext
import json
import yaml
import os
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Dict, Any, Optional
import platform

# 中文字体配置
CHINESE_FONT = "WenQuanYi Zen Hei" if platform.system() == "Linux" else "Microsoft YaHei"


class ConfigManager:
    """配置管理器核心类"""
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.config: Dict[str, Any] = {}
        self.file_path: Optional[str] = None
    
    def load_yaml(self, file_path: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """从YAML文件加载配置"""
        try:
            with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                self.config = yaml.safe_load(f) or {}
                self.file_path = file_path
                return self.config
        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(f"YAML加载失败: {str(e)}")
    
    def load_json(self, file_path: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """从JSON文件加载配置"""
        try:
            with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                self.config = json.load(f)
                self.file_path = file_path
                return self.config
        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(f"JSON加载失败: {str(e)}")
    
    def save_yaml(self, file_path: str, data: Optional[Dict] = None) -> bool:
        """保存配置到YAML文件"""
        try:
            save_data = data if data is not None else self.config
            with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                yaml.dump(save_data, f, allow_unicode=True, default_flow_style=False, indent=2)
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(f"YAML保存失败: {str(e)}")
    
    def save_json(self, file_path: str, data: Optional[Dict] = None) -> bool:
        """保存配置到JSON文件"""
        try:
            save_data = data if data is not None else self.config
            with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                json.dump(save_data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            raise Exception(f"JSON保存失败: {str(e)}")
    
    def merge_configs(self, config1: Dict, config2: Dict) -> Dict:
        """合并两个配置（深度合并）"""
        result = config1.copy()
        for key, value in config2.items():
            if key in result and isinstance(result[key], dict) and isinstance(value, dict):
                result[key] = self.merge_configs(result[key], value)
            else:
                result[key] = value
        return result
    
    def get_value(self, key_path: str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
        """通过点号路径获取配置值，如 'database.host'"""
        keys = key_path.split('.')
        value = self.config
        for key in keys:
            if isinstance(value, dict) and key in value:
                value = value[key]
            else:
                return default
        return value

💡 适用场景

Web应用配置管理、多环境配置切换、配置文件格式转换、配置项验证和校验、自动化运维脚本